Journal: Microbiology and Immunology

Article Title: Neutralizing antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐coronavirus spike is highly effective for the protection of mice in the murine SARS model

doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00097.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and MCP‐1 in the lung lavage of vaccinated mice. Cytokines and chemokines in the lung lavage of vaccinated and control mice on day 3 after SARS‐CoV infection were assayed by flow cytometry using a mouse inflammatory cytokine (IL‐6, IL‐10, MCP‐1, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐12p70) cytometric bead array kit. Bar shows the SEM ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Cytokines and chemokines were assayed either using a mouse inflammatory cytokine (IL‐6, IL‐10, MCP‐1, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐12p70) cytometric bead array kit (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA) ( ) or using the Luminex 200 system (Luminex Co., Austin, TX, USA) as previously reported ( ).

Techniques: Control, Infection, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Translational Medicine Communications

Article Title: Intra-articular Adenosine, Lidocaine and Magnesium (ALM) solution decreases postoperative joint fibrosis in an experimental knee implant model

doi: 10.1186/s41231-021-00084-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Expression of key markers of ECM remodeling and inflammation in joint capsular tissue of ALM-treated and saline control animals, 4 weeks following knee implant surgery. mRNA expression of a Col3a1:Col1a1 ratio, and b Xylt1 tended to be lower in capsular tissue from ALM-treated animals, compared to controls, though these differences were not statistically significant. Compared to controls, c Fgf1, and d Pdgfa expression was significantly lower in joint tissue from ALM-treated animals. Compared to controls, mRNA expression of e NFkB1 and f NOS2 and protein expression of g IL-1β, and h IL-12p70 was lower in the ALM treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, vs. baseline (no surgery, no treatment), #P < 0.05, compared to saline controls; n = 6 per group

Article Snippet: Inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1) were measured in plasma and joint tissue homogenates using Milliplex® Rat Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel (Abacus ALS), and Rat Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) ELISA (CusaBio).

Techniques: Expressing, Saline, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies with enhanced Fc-CD16 affinity increase NK cell ADCC even with limited envelope binding

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine stimulation enhances NK cell activation while downregulating CD16 expression through ADAM17-dependent shedding. ( A ) Representative flow plots of CD69 induction of NK cells stimulated with IL-15, IL-12/IL-15, or IL-12/IL-15/IL-18. ( B ) CD69 induction across donors (n=10). ( C ) Viability upon different treatments. ( D ) Changes in CD16 expression across multiple donors upon cytokine treatment. ( E ) Spearman correlation analysis between CD16 expression and CD69 induction. ( F ) Representative histogram of CD16 expression upon triple cytokine treatment in the presence of TAPI-I (right panel) or DMSO control (left panel). ( G ) CD16 expression in donors (n=13) stimulated with cytokines in the absence or presence of TAPI-1. ( H ) Effects of TAPI-I on NK cell activation. ( I ) Percentage remaining p24 + cells upon coculture of HIV-infected CD4 + T cells with autologous NK cells from donors (n=7) pre-stimulated with cytokines in the presence of TAPI-1 or DMSO control. ( J ) Percentage ADCC calculated as indicated in methods from data shown in ( I ). Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA with multiple comparison compared to the no cytokine condition for panel ( B-D ), two-way ANOVA with multiple comparison compared to the IL12/IL15/IL18 condition for panel ( I ), and two-way ANOVA for panel ( J ). Open symbols represent female donors and closed symbols male donors.

Article Snippet: Ten cytokines were measured using Quanterix SP-X Corplex Cytokine Panel (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-22, TNF-α) (cat# 85-0329).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Control, Infection, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies with enhanced Fc-CD16 affinity increase NK cell ADCC even with limited envelope binding

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional activity, cytokine secretion, and Fc binding of VRC07-523-LS and Fc variants. ( A ) Table summarizing VRC07-523LS antibody mutants with optimized Fc biding including specific mutations and effects on CD16 binding. ( B ) CD16 reporter activity in Jurkat-Lucia NFAT-CD16 cells exposed to antibody variants. ( C ) CD69 induction across donors (n=7). ( D ) Viability upon different conditions. ( E-O ) Supernatants from NK cells cultured overnight with WT VRC07-523-LS or Fc mutant antibodies were analyzed for cytokine secretion (fg/mL). Levels of ( E ) IFN-γ (Limit of detection (LOD) 1fg/mL), ( F ) TNF-α (LOD 16.7fg/mL), ( G ) IL-1β (LOD 16.3fg/mL), ( H ) IL-4 (LOD 339.1fg/mL), ( I ) IL-5 (LOD 8.7fg/ml), ( J ) IL-6 (LOD 21.1fg/mL), ( K ) IL-8 (LOD 41.7fg/mL), ( M ) IL-10 (LOD 16.8fg/mL), ( N ) IL-12p70 (LOD 24.7 fg/mL), ( O ) IL-22 (LOD 4.5 fg/mL) (n=6). ( P ) Representative flow cytometry histograms showing VRC07-523LS binding to surface Env on uninfected (blue), uninfected exposed (red), or HIV-infected cells (black). A FMO control is included (grey). Quantification of Env binding for the different antibodies (n=7). ( Q ) Surface expression of CD107a upon co-culture of NK cells alone (no CD4 + ), or NK cells co-cultured with uninfected autologous CD4 + or NL4-3 infected CD4 + T cells in the presence of the indicated antibody (n=2). Statistical significance was assessed using a Friedman test with multiple comparisons compared to unstimulated condition for panels ( C-O ), and two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons for panel ( P ). Open symbols represent female and closed symbols male donors.

Article Snippet: Ten cytokines were measured using Quanterix SP-X Corplex Cytokine Panel (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-22, TNF-α) (cat# 85-0329).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Activity Assay, Binding Assay, Cell Culture, Mutagenesis, Flow Cytometry, Infection, Control, Expressing, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies with enhanced Fc-CD16 affinity increase NK cell ADCC even with limited envelope binding

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enhancing antibody affinity to CD16 improves NK cell-mediated ADCC against HIV-infected cells independently of cytokine activation or ADAM17 inhibition. Percent of remaining HIV p24⁺ infected CD4⁺ T cells following co-culture with autologous NK cells from donors pre-treated with or without cytokines (IL-12/IL-15/IL-18) (n=16) ( A ) and ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI-1 (n=7) ( B ), in the presence of the indicated antibody. ( C ) Hierarchical cluster analysis of percentage of remaining p24⁺ cells in different conditions shown in A-B. ADCC activity under the same treatment conditions in the absence ( D ) or the presence ( E ) of the ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI-1. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA with multiple comparison compared to WT. Open symbols represent female and closed symbols male donors. ( F ) Hierarchical cluster analysis of ADCC in different conditions shown in D-E . Clusters were done using ClustVis.

Article Snippet: Ten cytokines were measured using Quanterix SP-X Corplex Cytokine Panel (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-22, TNF-α) (cat# 85-0329).

Techniques: Infection, Activation Assay, Inhibition, Co-Culture Assay, Activity Assay, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies with enhanced Fc-CD16 affinity increase NK cell ADCC even with limited envelope binding

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Fc-optimized VRC07-523LS mutants across HIV-1 subtypes. ( A ) Neutralization curves of VRC07-523LS against indicated HIV-1 viral strain. ( B ) Env binding of the different antibodies to HIV-infected CD4T cells with the indicated viral strain (n=3-4). ( C ) Spearman correlation between Env binding and neutralization IC 50 values. ( D ) Percentage of remaining p24 + cells following natural cytotoxicity by autologous NK cells pretreated with a combination of cytokines or no cytokine control (n= 6-16). ( E-I ) Percentage of remaining p24+ cells for each of the indicated viruses in the presence of the different antibodies (n= 7-8). Statistical significance was assessed using a one-sample t test with a hypothetical value set to 1 for panel ( B ), wilcoxon signed rank test with hypothetical value set to 100 for panel ( E ), and two -way ANOVA with multiple comparison compared to WT for panels ( E–I ). Open symbols represent female and closed symbols male donors. ( J ) Hierarchical cluster analysis of the percentage remaining p24 + cells. Clusters were done using ClustVis.

Article Snippet: Ten cytokines were measured using Quanterix SP-X Corplex Cytokine Panel (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-22, TNF-α) (cat# 85-0329).

Techniques: Neutralization, Binding Assay, Infection, Control, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies with enhanced Fc-CD16 affinity increase NK cell ADCC even with limited envelope binding

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine activation of NK cells requires higher levels of surface Env binding to promote ADCC. ( A ) Percentage of ADCC mediated by VRC07-523LS for each of the viral strains upon pretreatment of NK cells with the combination of cytokines or no cytokine control (n=6-16). Statistical significance between no cytokine and IL12/IL15/IL18 was determined by two-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed rank test with hypothetical value set to 0 for each condition. Open symbols represent female and closed symbols male donors. ( B ) Spearman correlation between the percentage of ADCC and surface Env binding for the indicated antibodies and NK cells pretreated with no cytokine (top) or IL12/IL15/IL18 (bottom). Each virus is indicated with a different color (n=4-6).

Article Snippet: Ten cytokines were measured using Quanterix SP-X Corplex Cytokine Panel (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-22, TNF-α) (cat# 85-0329).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Binding Assay, Control, Virus

Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Loss of Mitochondrial Protein Fus1 Augments Host Resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii Infection

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00771-13

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine analysis in lung lysates and BALF cells from Fus1+/+ (WT) and Fus1−/− (KO) mice at different time points postinfection. (a) Cytokine quantification in whole-lung lysates from A. baumannii-infected Fus1−/− and Fus1+/+ mice at 12 and 48 hpi. *, P < 0.05 (one-way analysis of variance). (b and c) Real-time PCR analysis of IL-17 and IL-10 transcript levels in BALF cells collected from Fus1−/− and Fus1+/+ lungs at 36 hpi with A. baumannii. Total RNA was isolated from BALF cells, and expression of the mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR and normalized to the GusB gene. The bar graph shows relative levels of cytokine expression. The data represent means ± the standard errors (*, P ≤ 0.05) as determined by using the Student t test comparing Fus1+/+ to Fus1−/− (n = 3 to 5 mice per group).

Article Snippet: Cytokine concentrations in lung lysates were determined by using a Becton Dickinson (BD) cytokine bead array mouse inflammation kit (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, and MCP-1) and a FACSCalibur flow cytometer according to the manufacturer's protocols.

Techniques: Infection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Isolation, Expressing

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: Critical Role of Zinc Transporter (Zip8) in Myeloid Innate Immune Cell Function and the Host Response against Bacterial Pneumonia

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001395

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid for cellularity, cytokine, and chemokine content following S. pneumoniae instillation. WT and Zip8-KO mice were administered 4 x 108 CFU S. pneumoniae intranasally and euthanized 24 or 72 hours later. Lungs were lavaged with PBS, cells collected, counted, immobilized on glass slides, and stained for morphological characterization for (A) total macrophage and (B) neutrophil cell counts. (C-E) Cell-free BAL fluid was also analyzed by ELISA (C) IL-12/23p40 (D) IL-6 and (E) TNF-α 24 hours post infection. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM and represent at least two to three independent studies. (n=18-19 mice per group (24 hours) and 7-8 mice per group (72 hours); **p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A/F, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12/23p40, IFN-γ and CXCL-1) were determined using commercially available ELISA kits (BioLegend and R&D, Minneapolis, Mn) according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: Critical Role of Zinc Transporter (Zip8) in Myeloid Innate Immune Cell Function and the Host Response against Bacterial Pneumonia

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001395

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine production from BMDCs following stimulation with gram negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall products in vitro. BMDCs from WT and Zip8-KO mice were stimulated with either LPS (1 μg/ml) or LTA (10 μg/ml) for 6 hours. (A-E) Cytokine production of IL-12/23p40, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and CXCL-1 from LPS/LTA stimulated or unstimulated BMDCs was compared and measured by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM and represent at least four independent studies. (n= 16 samples per group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A/F, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12/23p40, IFN-γ and CXCL-1) were determined using commercially available ELISA kits (BioLegend and R&D, Minneapolis, Mn) according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay